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AbouRizk, S and Shi, J (1994) Automated Construction‐Simulation Optimization. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 374–85.

AbouRizk, S M, Halpin, D W and Wilson, J R (1994) Fitting Beta Distributions Based on Sample Data. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 288–305.

Bai, Y and Amirkhanian, S N (1994) Knowledge‐Based Expert System for Concrete Mix Design. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 357–73.

Everett, J G and Slocum, A H (1994) Automation and Robotics Opportunities: Construction versus Manufacturing. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 443–52.

Farid, F and Koning, T L (1994) Simulation Verifies Queuing Program for Selecting Loader‐Truck Fleets. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 386–404.

Furuya, N, Yamaoka, R and Paulson, B C (1994) Construction of Akashi‐Kaikyo Bridge West Anchorage. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 337–56.

Hinze, J and Tracey, A (1994) The Contractor‐Subcontractor Relationship: The Subcontractor's View. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 274–87.

Ndekugri, I and Turner, A (1994) Building Procurement by Design and Build Approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 243–56.

Nishigaki, S, Vavrin, J, Kano, N, Haga, T, Kunz, J C and Law, K (1994) Humanware, Human Error, and Hiyari‐Hat: A Template of Unsafe Symptoms. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 421–42.

Pin, T H and Scott, W F (1994) Bidding Model for Refurbishment Work. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 257–73.

Severson, G D, Russell, J S and Jaselskis, E J (1994) Predicting Contract Surety Bond Claims Using Contractor Financial Data. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 405–20.

Thomas, H R, Smith, G R and Mellott, R E (1994) Interpretation of Construction Contracts. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 321–36.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Contract management; Claims; Construction; Conflict;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1994)120:2(321)
  • Abstract:
    Contract interpretation is a common function of contractors, inspectors, designers, and contract administrators. This paper outlines rules of interpretation that can be used by contract administrators to resolve questions about the interpretation of a contract. The rules, arranged in hierarchical order, are based on a review of 100 appellate court decisions. The rules are: (1) The plain‐meaning rule; (2) patent ambiguity; (3) practical construction; and (4) interpret the contract as a whole. If there is still more than one logical interpretation, one must resort to the order‐of‐precedence clause or rule against the drafter. The rules are arranged in an easy‐to‐use flowchart format. An example of an actual contract dispute is presented to illustrate how to apply the rules. The outcome is compared to the actual court decision.

Williams, T P (1994) Predicting Changes in Construction Cost Indexes Using Neural Networks. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(02), 306–20.